https://zbiory.etnologia.uw.edu.pl/files/original/bf15f7e160f8454042ab729b7a1950f2.pdf 1f0f4ab0cc1b24f0560ae2b6c9b4f595 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polska Sztuka Ludowa - Konteksty Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Relation A related resource oai:cyfrowaetnografia.pl:publication:2273 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context oai:cyfrowaetnografia.pl:2109 Title A name given to the resource Summary of articles / Polska Sztuka Ludowa - Konteksty 1990 t.44 z.2 Description An account of the resource Polska Sztuka Ludowa - Konteksty 1990 t.44 z.2, s.63-64 Language A language of the resource pol. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Polski Instytut Sztuki Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf PDF Text Text capture metadata for PDF documents Text SUMMARY Zbigniew R a s z e w s k i , INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF J O K E OF ARTICLES t h r o u g h s h o w i n g its absurdity or surreality. T h u s t h e h a p p e n i n g manifestations w h i l e b e i n g peaceful and, in respect of the The t e r m " k a w a ł " (joke) is n o t semantically related t o t h e terms p r o p a g a n d a slogans, olften neutral or even in f a v o u r of t h e " w i t t i c i s m " , " a n e c d o t e " being more like t h e German " W i t z " , It is g o v e r m e n t (the previous o n e of c o u r s e ) , w e r e at t h e same t i m e in t h i s c o u n t r y a sort of story, based o n a f i c t i o n a l event, spread significant political events. T h e y became a ludistic, specifically almost exclusively b y w o r d o f m o c h , a n d it appeared in the Polish Polish t y p e o f reaction t o t h e regime reality. T h e m o v e m e n t language relatively late, the early dictionaries d o n o t define it in spread over m a n y t o w n s t h r o u g h o u t Poland. this m e a n i n g . A n d t h o u g h it does have literary c o n n o t a t i o n s , despite its great p o p u l a r i t y it has not been given a proper s t u d y yet. In recent years t h e y have been c r o p p i n g u p extensively, especially in Slav c o u n t r i e s w h i c h the author explains by t h e great s i g n i f i c a n c e of social c o n v e r s a t i o n s in these countries. They are a n d have been usually local ( p r o d u c e d mainly in W a r s a w ) , b u t some of t h e m " i m p o r t e d " as w e l l ( m a i n l y f r o m the East, e.g. t h e jokes of Radio Erivan). By their very nature t h e y are a n o n y m o u s , a l t h o u g h m a n y of t h e m have been attributed, q u i t e rightly, t o people of the literary circles. They q u i c k l y cease b e i n g t o p i c a l , t h o u g h t h e y also t e n d t o adapt themselves t o n e w circumstances. In general terms t h e y may be d i v i d e d i n t o the entertainment a n d e n g a g e d ( p o l i t i c a l ) ones. T h e latter w e r e a sort of p o l e m i c s at t h e t i m e w h e n "all t h e newspapers w e r e u n a n i m f l u s " . The text w a s w r i t t e n in 1 9 6 6 b u t t h e n it w a s n o t d e s i g n e d for p u b l i c a t i o n . Aleksander J a c k o w s k i , T H E F O L K - L O R E OF C O N T E S ­ TATION P i o t r K o w a l s k i , S C R I B O ET D E C O R O ERGO S U M . S O M E R E M A R K S O N T H E M E A N I N G OF T H E T O W N G R A F F I T I The fresh w a l l s in a h o u s i n g - e s t a t e , covered w i t h graffiti, gave t h e author the idea t o s t u d y these d r a w i n g s a n d w r i t i n g s . He assumes t h e a n t h r o p o l o g i c a l p o i n t of v i e w a n d tries t o discover their f u n c t i o n . The main o n e , in his o p i n i o n , is t o make t h e w o r l d familiar, a safe place t o exist in. B y m a k i n g it familiar t h e y also a t t e m p t t o make it leas f o r b i d d i n g . S u c h a f o r b i d d i n g place m a y be b o t h a forest a n d a n e w h o u s i n g - e s t a t e w i t h its official inscriptions, orders and a n n o u n c e m e n t s . T h u s t h e space covered b y graffiti assumes a sense, becomes an a n t h r o p o c o s m o s . There is a value attached t o t h e m . So for instance the obscene inscriptions by s a y i n g amore profano may signify t h e d e f e n c e ( t a b u ) of the amore sacro. A n d always t h e y are a c o n f i r m a t i o n of one's o w n existence, hence it m a y be said t h a t t h e y are not a n o n y m o u s after all, since w h a t stands b e h i n d t h e m is always: I, w e in o p p o s i t i o n t o - t h e m . The author points t o some of f o l k - l o r e ' s very s i g n i f a n t features. These are: f u n c t i o n a l i s m , universality, a n o n y m i t y , direct delivery f r o m m e m o r y , c o n e c i o u s c u l t i v a t i o n of its o w n identity. One of t h e essential characteristics of the c o n t e s t a t i o n f o l k - l o r e (the W o j c i e c h M i s z c z u k , " W E ' R E S O R R Y FOR B E I N G S O R R Y " A report o n t h e alternative m o v e m e n t in C r a c o w o n A p r i l t h e 3rd 1 9 8 9 . political o n e ) is its b e i n g in o p p o s i t i o n . T h e author stresses t h e fact that the ludistic b e h a v i o u r - p o l i t i c a l jokes made f u n of a n d Jacek Olędzki, CONSOLATION depreciated t h e enemy, o c c u p a n t , persecutor - helped in a w a y t o endure t h e hard times. T h e article c o n t a i n s also a considerable a m o u n t of material, i n c l u d i n g political jokes p u b l i s h e d in t h e Russian " L i t e r a t u r n a j a G a z e t a " , as w e l l as items d a t i n g f r o m t h e past years. W a l d e m a r Ł y s i a k , THE POLITICAL FOLK-LORE " T h e political f o l k - l o r e " is just the folkloristic area w h i c h is m o s t sensitive t o political, e c o n o m i c a n d social events. It is created b y t h o u s e of t h e m w h i c h are in t h e p o p u l a r feeling extraordinary, unusual. These m a y be alarming events w h i c h at t h e same time arouse some hope in society a n d therefore attract a t t e n t i o n . A l o n g w i t h t h e texts of f o l k o r i g i n there are also those w r i t t e n by particular a u t h o r s . B y b e c o m i n g f o l k l o r i z e d , that is T h e article is o n a specific creation w h i c h came i n t o b e i n g in t h e last years in Poland ( u n d e r t h e martial l a w first of a l l ) . Walls came t o be covered w i t h all sorts of slogans a n d e m b l e m s of " S o l i d a r i ­ t y " , a l w a y s hastily covered w i t h paint. A n d just t h i s k i n d of d a u b i n g called " t h e Polish g r a f f i t i " , is t h e object of the a u t h o r ' s study. It is d o n e in a n u m b e r of w a y s : t h e graffiti are f r e q u e n t l y n o t covered w i t h a o n e - c o l o u r rectangle patch b u t t r a n s f o r m e d b y particular ludistic a d d i t i o n s . T h e a u t h o r seeks an affinity of this k i n d of p a i n t i n g t o t h e c u s t o m of p a i n t i n g w i n d o w - f r a m e s a n d p r o d u c i n g h u m a n - l i k e figures, the so called " k r a c o k i " , in t h e houses of marriageable maids. The g e o g r a p h i c a l d i s p o s i t i o n of these p a i n t i n g s in W a r s a w a n d their seasonal appearance, t h e y t o o y i n t h e a u t h o r ' s o p i n i o n , indicate their plebeian o r i g i n . losing their a u t h o r s h i p a n d b e c o m i n g society's o w n e r s h i p , t h e y are w e l l - k o n w in all social classes. A n d yet t h e y d o retain, Krzysztof because of their political c o n t e n t , t h e necessity of a n o n y m i t y d u e OURS" t o their political c o n t e n t , t h e necessity of a n o n y m i t y d u e t o their conspiratorial existence. S a b a k . " T H E SOFS A R E Y O U R S , T H E W A L L S T h e a u t h o r deals w i t h a n e w p h e n o m e n o n w h i c h since t h e m i d - e i g h t i e s c a n be seen o n W a r s a w ' s walls. These are spray- The Polish f o l k - l o r e after 1 9 4 4 has been referring t o almost - m a d e daubs. Those y o u n g s t e r s w h o make t h e m ( o f the 1 5 - 1 8 e v e r y t h i n g that has been g o i n g o n in Polish society in its historical years of age) m a y be d i v i d e d mainly into t w o g r o u p s : those d e v e l o p m e n t . It has never been officially s t u d i e d or p u b l i s h e d . c o n n e c t e d w i t h the e c o l o g i c a l m o v e m e n t a n d the s k a t e - b o a r - This particular text, w h i l e o n l y t o u c h i n g u p o n t h i s p h e n o m e n o n , dists. T h e d r a w i n g are m o s t l y copies f r o m f o r e i g n magazines is o n e of t h e f e w attempts t o s t u d y it in the Polish science. ( U S A ) , y o u t h u n o f f i c i a l journals ("fantazinas") a n d are o c ­ casionally an original p r o d u c t of their a u t h o r s . Akos Engelmayer, "WE DEMAND DISTORTIONS WIT­ H O U T S O C I A L I S M ! " H I S T O R Y OF T H E O R A N G E A L T E R ­ Czesław N A T I V E , i.e. O N T H E S O C I A L I S T S U R R E A L I S M FOLK-LORE (1982) Robotycki, THE A R T A VISTA. THE STRIKE The alternative m o v e m e n t w a s initiated b y a series of hap­ The article is an a t t e m p t at an e t h n o l o g i c a l analysis of t h e strike p e n i n g s held in W r o c ł a w a n d called " T h e Orange A l t e r n a t i v e " . as a specific artistic-cultural p h e n o m e n . The material o n w h i c h The f o u n d e r of t h e m o v e m e n t w a s W a l d e m a r Frydrych, " M a j o r " . the analysis is based has been p r o v i d e d by t h e Gdańsk S h i p y a r d T h e a c t i o n s organized by h i m in the city's central places, referred in 1 9 8 0 . By e t h n o l o g y t h e a u t h o r s means a science c o n c e r n e d t o the paradoxes of our p r e s e n t - d a y reality. They often made use w i t h t h e processes t a k i n g place w i t h i n a culture, a science of the w o o d e n Stats language w h i c h t h e y t r a n s f o r m e d or placed " p r o w l i n g in t h e b o r f d e l a n d s of other s c i e n c e s " . T h e title " T h e Art in a n e w c o n t e x t a c h i e v i n g thereby a paradoxically n e w s i t u a t i o n a V i s t a " suggests the s p o n t a n e i t y of the artistic creation w h i c h a n d d i d it n o t so m u c h t h r o u g h t h e n e g a t i o n of t h e o l d situation as a c o o m p a n i e d t h e strike a n d w a s a reaction t o t h e official culture, 63 I �a creation t h a t w a s folklorized and kept in a carnival spirit. The protests w e r e marked by three main motives: t h e t h e army servicemen he d i s t i n g u i s h e s three levels at w h i c h t h e national- i n i t i a t i o n is t a k i n g place. A t t h e social level t h e w h o l e service in - p a t r i o t i c , c h u r c h - r e l i g i o u s a n d t h e f o l k one. This art manifested t h e army is treated as an initiation. In t h e army itself t h e initiation itself in graffiti, g r a p h i c arts, political p o e m s ( i n c l u d i n g p a r a p h ­ is related t o t w o spheres, t h e official a n d unofficial structure of t h e rases of t h e r o m a n t i c poetry, analysed by M . J a n i o n ) , ballads a n d service. cabaret songs. In prisons there are t w o types of initiation: t h e first c o n c e r n s all the inmates, t h e s e c o n d J e r z y S z c z e p k o w s k i , I N I T I A T I O N I N T H E A R M Y A N D IN JAIL The a u t h o r uses in his interpretation t h e t h e o r y of c u s t o m s by A. van G e n n e p d e v e l o p e d s u b s e q u e n t l y b y L. S t o m m s . As regards 64 has t o d o w i t h the initiation into a superior g r o u p of those w h o call themselves " m e n " (an a n a l o g y w i t h primitive c o m m u n i t i e s in w h i c h t h e tribe's name means also " p e o p l e " , " m e n " ) ; t h e y are separated f r o m t h e rest of t h e inmates a n d f o r m a hierarchical g r o u p g o v e r n e d by its o w n ethics. �