https://zbiory.etnologia.uw.edu.pl/files/original/92332c243ed7f9af8468daf50435b512.pdf f228f53dc81b09cb505f021e0cdc9567 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polska Sztuka Ludowa - Konteksty Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Relation A related resource oai:cyfrowaetnografia.pl:publication:2948 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context oai:cyfrowaetnografia.pl:2752 Title A name given to the resource Summary of articles / Polska Sztuka Ludowa - Konteksty 1992 t.46 z.1 Description An account of the resource Polska Sztuka Ludowa - Konteksty 1992 t.46 z.2, s.63-64 Language A language of the resource pol. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Państwowy Instytut Sztuki Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf PDF Text Text capture metadata for PDF documents Text SUMMARY W o j c i e c h J. B u r s z t a , E T H N O L O G Y T O D A Y OR T H E P O - WER OF THE PERIPHERIES OF ARTICLES m e e t i n g p o i n t of t w o trends of Christianity in specific social and national c o n d i t i o n s w h i c h characterized the so-called eastern The traditional reflection a b o u t w o r l d a n t h r o p o l o g i c a l t h o u g h t contains a d i c h o t o m y i n t o t h e s o - c a l l e d international territories of t h e f o r m e r C o m m o n w e a l t h . The borderland of anth- religious, national a n d social t r a d i t i o n s enables t o examine closer ropology and its local ( n a t i o n a l ) variants. This d i c h o t o m y is t h e t h e selection of style, f o r m , means a n d c o n t e n t s of an art w h i c h expression of another, basic o p p o s i t i o n w h i c h organizes s c i e n - b e l o n g s t o various cultural spheres a n d s u b s e q u e n t l y tific deliberations a b o u t t h e w o r l d of c u l t u r e a n d science. It is t h e m e r g i n g i n t o a w h o l e w h i c h differs qualitatively f r o m that w h a t relation between the „ c e n t r e " (the m e t r o p o l y ) a n d the „ p e r i - c o m p r i s e d its source, a n d w h i c h is k n o w n as t h e Carpathian icon. their pheries" (the p r o v i n c e ) . A c c o r d i n g t o t h i s o p p o s i t i o n , t h e further we find ourselves f r o m t h e range of t h e influence exerted by t h e Magdalena centre, the more w e are d o o m e d t o peripheral interests a n d local R E A S O N S FOR P O P U L A T I O N D I F F E R E N T I A T I O N topics. D I N G TO T H E FOLK B I B L E The intention of t h e article is t h e d e c o n s t r u c t i o n Zowczak, W H Y DOES T H E GYPSY STEAL? ACCOR- of t h i s Legends created by t h e f o l k c o u n t e r p a r t of t h e Bible describe traditional o p p o s i t i o n by i n d i c a t i n g its purely l i n g u i s t i c - c o n v e n - typical situations usually c o n n e c t e d interchangeably w i t h v a - tional nature. There is s i m p l y n o centre (source) of culture or rious figures a n d events in t h e t w o Testaments. This feature is the central places for the pursuit of a n t h r o p o l o g y . A n t h r o p o l o g i c a l o u t c o m e of an u n c o n s c i o u s t y p o l o g y of persons f r o m the p o i n t of investigations are s i m u l t a n e o u s l y central (because t h e y pertain t o v i e w of their a n a l o g u s roles in events w i t h a similar structure. A n Man as s u c h ) a n d peripheral (since t h e y discuss M a n u p o n t h e original t y p o l o g y of this k i n d does n o t perimt a direct comparison basis of an analysis of c o n c r e t e cultures) The special place held of t h e f o l k Bible w i t h the H o l y Scriptures. by this science a m o n g t h e other h u m a n i t i e s consists i.a. of t h e A characteristic feature of f o l k sources ( b o t h in the past and fact that for an a n t h r o p o l o g i s t t h e peripheries d o n o t s i g n i f y t h e t o d a y ) is t h e interchangeability of A d a m a n d N o a h as t h e first end of a n y t h i n g b u t a further p r o l o n g a t i o n of t h e centre. m a n , a n d t h e c o n t a m i n a t i o n of t h e e n s u i n g motifs. The history of Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, t h e roles of Eve, N o a h ' s w i f e a n d the devil are in b o t h instance N o a h ' s sin is a t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of t h e story a b o u t original sin a n d HENRI C O R B I N — THE TIME a n a l o g o u s , similarly t o t h e roles of their children in t h e process of OF E R A N O S French t h e d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n b e t w e e n men a n d w o m e n . Cain a n d C h a m also Oriental scholar a n d examiner of t h e spirituality of Mediterranean appear as t h e protoplasts of a variously concretised w o r s e part of cultures, remains almost c o m p l e t e l y u n k n o w n t o t h e m a n k i n d , affiliated w i t h t h e evil spirit. The hermeneutics of Henri C o r b i n , an o u t s t a n d i n g Polish reader. This text places it w i t h i n t h e perspective of a c o n t r o v e r s y The stereotype of t h e alien is s t r o n g l y c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e folk between historicism a n d p o s t - H e i d e g g e r i a n hermeneutics w h i c h Bible. The c o n c e p t of sin does not pertain directly t o t h e stranger constitutes o n e of t h e most i m p o r t a n t p h i l o s o p h i c a l c o n t e n t i o n s w h o exists in an ,,upside d o w n " w o r l d , outside t h e recognised of our times. C o r b i n ' s hermeneutics of Persons accents t h e order of values. T h e m y t h perceives his o r i g i n in a situation of the supra-empirical d i m e n s i o n of history, w h i c h , despite its reality, is original differentiation a myth f r o m thoughts o u t c o m e of a d i s t u r b a n c e of h a r m o n y by o n e of the successors of b e g i n n i n g t o e n d , a n d pursued t h e of m a n k i n d w h i c h t o o k place as the proposed by F. Lessing w h o c o m p r e h e n d s history as t h e e n - t h e protoplast. This d i s t u r b a n c e f o r m s the c o n c e p t of sin leading d o w m e n t of m e a n i n g t o t h a t w h i c h in itself is m e a n i n g l e s s " . t o a m e t a m o r p h o s i s , t h e emergence of a w o r s e or handicapped M e a n i n g appears in the species of beings. Sources w h i c h m e n t i o n differentiating sin mood, always c o n t a i n t h e scheme of c o n c e a l m e n t , w h i c h is interpreted Corbin's hermeneutics engages in an interesting d i a l o g u e w i t h as an a t t e m p t at d e c e i v i n g G o d , or its reversal: of disclosure, the the theses of c o n t e m p o r a r y p o s t m o d e r n i s t s . Its premise, h o w e - revelation of a mystery w h i c h is sealed w i t h divine p r o h i b i t i o n . understanding history o w i n g m a n . Retaining t o t h e presence of its originally religious ver, presents itself most l u c i d l y in t h e c o n t e x t of t h e u n d e r t a k i n g s C o n c e a l m e n t appears i.a. in t h e most p o p u l a r motifs w h i c h c o n d u c t e d by a g r o u p w h i c h for several decades has created t h e characterize t h e c u s t o m s of J e w s a n d Gypsies. atmosphere of t h e Eranos meetings. Their participants ( i n c l u d i n g such celebrated scholars as C. C. Jung, van der Leeuw, G. S c h o l e m a n d M . Eliade) shared a special m o d e of t h i n k i n g about religion a n d a sui generis p e r c e p t i o n of t h e s y m b o l , closely c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e n o n r e d u c t i o n i s t c o m p r e h e n s i o n of t i m e a n d history. A sample of t h i s style of t h i n k i n g is t h e presented text by Henri C o r b i n d e v o t e d t o an analysis of t h e m o t i f of t h e l u m i n o u s man, and t h e idea of perfect Nature, w h i c h c o m e s f r o m his „ L ' H o m m e de L u m i è r e " . A c u r i o u s interpretation of the legend a b o u t the Gypsy is presented by m o d e r n material f r o m Lithuania a n d the Lemko region, w h i c h claims that t h e theft ( c o n c e a l m e n t ) of a nail made it impossible t o crucify Christ in a h u m i l i a t i n g p o s i t i o n , similarly as in t h e case of t h e S. A n d r e w cross, t h e crux decussata; t h u s , the Gypsy can steal a n d cheat w i t h o u t fearing divine punishment. This interpretation testifies t o a more ambivalent treatment of Gypsies t h a n J e w s in traditional rural culture. The c o n s e q u e n c e of t h e situation c o n n e c t e d w i t h different i a t i n g sin is t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of originally similar creatures into E w a K l e k o t , T H E D E P I C T I O N OF T H E FACE OF C H R I S T IN an animal, a bird or a person w h o b e l o n g s t o a w o r s e category, CARPATHIAN ICONS h a l f - a n i m a l or d e m o n i c , in other w o r d s — into an alien. The image of t h e face of t h e Saviour h o l d s a special place in t h e O r t h o d o x t h e o l o g y of t h e i c o n . A p a i n t i n g is regarded as an i c o n K r y s t y n a G i e r y s z e w s k a , T H E I N T E R P R E T A T I O N OF J U - b o t h d u e t o t h e t o p i c of t h e d e p i c t i o n DAS a n d the wondrous circumstances of its o r i g i n . C a t h o l i c art also w i l l i n g l y portrayed The traditional culture regards J u d a s as the initiator of genera- the face of Jesus b u t t h e t w o rites placed emphasis o n varying t i o n s of persons w h o c o m m i t suicide. Places a n d objects c o n n e c - kinds of t h e o l o g i c a l a n d e m o t i o n a l c o n t e n t s of t h e d e p i c t i o n t e d w i t h people w h o hang themselves are t o possess a p o w e r w h i c h resulted b o t h in i c o n o g r a p h i e differences a n d in a diver- w h i c h is particularly perilous but also indispensable d u r i n g the g e n t manner of expression. U n i a t e art f r o m the Eastern Carpat- winter-spring hians, t h e s u b - C a r p a t h i a n r e g i o n a n d Podolia emerged at t h e s o u t h - e a s t e r n Poland H o l y Thursday is an occasion for hanging solstice, and thus during Holy Week. In 63 �an effigy of J udas. The f u n c t i o n of this rite is t o w a r d off death and S t a n i s ł a w W ę g l a r z . T H E CONCEPTION OFTHE ETHNOG­ evil, and t o stimulate g r o w t h (the sexual s y m b o l i c s of t h e e f f i g y ) . R A P H I C D I F F E R E N T I A T I O N OF P R E S E N T - D A Y FOLK C U L ­ Religious motifs, ritual practices a n d t h e appearance of t h e figure TURE also indicate persons w h o m t h e c o m m u n i t y regards as traitors. Interest in the e t h n o g r a p h i c regionalization of t h e c o u n t r y They include all those w h o d o not observe t h e values and norms dates back t o the n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y (O. K o l b e r g , W . P o l ) , and that are b i n d i n g a m o n g „ o u r o w n " , t h a t is, t h o s e w h o c o n t i n u e s t o this day. A t its basis lies t h e c o n v i c t i o n that it is are described as a „ J e w " (the alien), the y o u n g girl w h o refuses t o possible t o d i s t i n g u i s h certain units in t h e f o r m of marry, the mentally d e r a n g e d , and t h e suicide victims. R e s p o n ­ ( e t n o g r a p h i c g r o u p s ) w h i c h are characterized by a constant, regions dents c o m p a r e d J u d a s w i t h b o t h are traitors, typical c o m p l e x of features. It w a s also presumed that these a m b i g u o u s a n d medial figures, a l t h o u g h St. Peter guards the quests w i l l enable t o discover a " c o m p l e x of Polish c u l t u r e " , in heavenly gates a n d J u d a s atones for his sins in Hell. Satan other w o r d s , a n d ensemble of traits characteristic o n l y for that St. Peter — captures the soul of J u d a s instead of t h e spirit of Jesus for w h i c h national variety. This a s s u m p t i o n w a s s u p p o r t e d by the belief he lay in w a i t o n the cross. The fatalism of t h e lot of t h e Iscariot a b o u t its native qualities. One can list three approaches to w a s expressed by his rank as t h e t h i r t e e n t h apostle. regionalization: „ o b j e c t i v i s t i c " (the e x p l o i t a t i o n of objective d e t e r m i n a n t s s u c h as c o s t u m e ) , „ i n t e r s u b j e c t i v i s t i c " (which accents t h e „ f e e l i n g of distinctness in g r o u p c o n s c i o u s n e s s " as Krzysztof Kocjan, APOCRYPHAL FOLK E V A L U A T I O N OF S E X U A L I T Y . MOTIFS IN T H E FOLK V E R S I O N OF THE STORY OF A D A M A N D EVE t h e f o u n d a t i o n for d i s t i n c t i o n ) a n d t h e " i n t e g r a l i s t i c " aproach w h i c h c o m b i n e s t h e t w o previous ones. T h e a u t h o r indicates that t h e c o n s i s t a n t e x p l o i t a t i o n of e n d o e t h n o n y m s ( g r o u p s ' names), The story of A d a m a n d Eve is o n e of t h e most p o p u l a r m o t i f s of e x o e t h n o n y m s (names g i v e n t o g r o u p s b y scholars). The author „ f o l k C h r i s t i a n i t y " presented in t w o forms: oral a n d in various notes that at t h e basis of reflections a b o u t peasant culture, depictions. Despite t h e basic c o n c u r r e n c e of t h e f o l k a n d Biblical ethnographic versions attention is attracted by the rather n u m e r o u s a p o c r y p h a l s u p p o s i t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o w h i c h peasant g r o u p s lived in isolation, motifs. The creation w i t h o u t a c o n s t a n t e x c h a n g e a n d p e r m e a t i o n of n e i g h b o u r i n g of Eve w h i c h is t h e o u t c o m e of the g r o u p s a n d regions there lay an unconscious intervention of t h e devil, or t h e p r o d u c t of an accident, is cultures. This image demonstrates t h a t b o t h t h e peasants and c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e o r i g i n of sexual d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n . In t u r n , their c u l t u r e w e r e treated as alien a n d as s u c h w e r e m y t h o l o g i z e d . sources dealing w i t h t h e original sin disclose its s e x u a l nature: sexual intercourse b e t w e e n A d a m (eventually t h e devil or L u c i p her) a n d Eve. The apocrypiral motifis create a rather cohesive system, reveal t h e permanence of t h e sexual element in f o l k consciousness, a n d explain t h e p r e s e n t - d a y h u m a n c o n d i t i o n as the consequences of an accident or alien ( d e m o n i c ) i n t e r v e n t i o n , c o m p l e t e l y i n d e p e n d e n t of m a n w h o t h u s remains blameless. Iwona Kabzińska-Stawarz, THE DANCE AROUND TREES IN T H E „ S E C R E T H I S T O R Y OF T H E M O N G O L S " The article presents an analysis of a f r a g m e n t of a chronicle k n o w n as The Secret History of the Mongols. It describes the election of Kutula t o t h e t h r o n e of t h e Khan, a n d the dance around a tree w h i c h w a s p e r f o r m e d in c o n n e c t i o n w i t h this event. The a u t h o r demonstrates that t h e d a n c e w a s n o t solely t h e o u t c o m e of the j o y f u l m o o d of t h e a t t e n d i n g M o n g o l s , as t h e Chronicle Agata Wieczorek, T H E C O M I C A S P E C T S OF ST. PETER The comical aspects of St. Peter consist of t h e c o m b i n a t i o n a n d claims. In t h e given c o n t e x t of t h e e l e c t i o n , it c o n s t i t u t e s a symbol of life a n d c h a n g e s , as w e l l as t h e establishment of a new contrast of the sacrum a n d the m u n d a n e in a single person. In historical, social a n d s y m b o l i c a series of stories a b o u t t h e w a n d e r i ng of the Lord Jesus o n Earth, elections w e r e an e x a m p l e of i n i t i a t i o n , a c c o m p a n i e d by ascribed order, if w e accept that the St. Peter discloses his faults a n d a total lack of u n d e r s t a n d i n g of symbolics. T h e d a n c e also f u l f i l l e d magical f u n c t i o n s . It was the Lord's verdicts. Other sources d e p i c t t h e saint as a b u m b l e r s u p p o s e d t o ensure Kutula t h e asistance a n d p r o t e c t i o n of the (for instance, w h e n he w i s h e s t o w i n people's favour or w h e n he forefathers ( m y t h i c a l a n d h u m a n ) . Finally, t h e d a n c e w a s also substitutes for G o d in ruling t h e w o r l d ) . In t h e f o l k t a l e s , St. Peter a means of c o m m u n i c a t i o n b e t w e e n people, a n d b e t w e e n man is not o n l y a slightly f o o l i s h a n d ineffectual egoist b u t also a n d the forces of Nature w h i c h rule over h i m . A key role is played a dishonest c o w a r d . The fact that in certain sources he appears by trees s t a n d i n g in t h e centre of t h e d a n c e area w h i c h are interchangeably w i t h t h e devil is particularly w o r t h y of a t t e n t i o n . c o u n t e r p a r t s of t h e c o s m i c tree (the tree of life). 64 �WARUNKI PRENUMERATY 1. W p ł a t y na prenumeraturę p r o w a d z o n ą przez „ R u c h " p r z y j m o w a n e są na okresy kwartalne 2. Cena prenumeraty k r a j o w e j na p o d w ó j n y numer (III i IV k w a r t a ł ) w y n o s i 16 0 0 0 zł. Prenumerata ze zleceniem d o s t a w y za granicę jest o 1 0 0 % droższa. 3. W p ł a t y na prenumeratę przyjmują: — na teren kraju — j e d n o s t k i k o l p o r t a ż o w e „ R u c h " i urzędy p o c z t o w e w ł a ś c i w e dla miejsca — na zagranicę — Zakład Kolportażu Prasy i W y d a w n i c t w 0 0 - 9 5 8 W a r s z a w a , k o n t o PBK, XIII zamieszkania lub siedziby prenumeratora Oddział W - w a 3 7 0 0 4 4 - 1 1 9 5 - 1 3 9 - 1 1 4. Dostawa z a m ó w i o n e j prasy następuje: — przez j e d n o s t k i k o l p o r t a ż o w e „ R u c h " — — przez urzędy p o c z t o w e — w sposób uzgodniony z zamawiającym, pocztą z w y k ł ą na w s k a z a n y adres, w ramach o p ł a c o n e j prenumeraty z w y j ą t k i e m zlecenia d o s t a w y na zagranicę pocztą lotniczą d o o d b i o r c y zagranicznego, której koszt w pełni p o k r y w a prenumerator. 5. Terminy p r z y j m o w a n i a prenumeraty na kraj i zagranicę — d o 2 0 XI na I kwartał roku następnego, d o 20 II — na II kwartał, d o 2 0 V na III kwartał, d o 2 0 VIII na IV kwartał. Prenumeratę„Polskiej Sztuki L u d o w e j " p r o w a d z i także firma A M O S , W a r s z a w a , ul. Szenwalda 1 . W p ł a t y na okresy półroczne (2 n u m e r y ) , roczne p r z y j m o w a n e są n o n - s t o p , a d o k o n a n e na miesiąc przed ukazaniem się k o l e j n e g o n u m e r u g w a r a n t u j ą j e g o otrzymanie z d o s t a w ą d o d o m u , miejsca pracy. Obecna cena półrocznej prenumeraty k r a j o w e j w y n o s i 16 0 0 0 zł. Prenumerata zagraniczna jest o 1 0 0 % droższa. W p ł a t należy d o k o n y w a ć na k o n t o : A M O S , PKO VIII Oddział W a r s z a w a , nr 1 5 8 6 - 7 7 5 7 8 - 1 3 6 . Numer p o d w ó j n y 3 - 4 / 1 9 9 2 p o ś w i ę c o n y a n t r o p o l o g i i f i l m u ukaże się w l i s t o p a d z i e - g r u d n i u br. Cena w prenumeracie 16 0 0 0 zł ( w sprzedaży — 3 0 0 0 0 zł). Prenumerata zagraniczna jest o 1 0 0 % droższa. Redakcja d y s p o n u j e n u m e r a m i a r c h i w a l n y m i po zniżonej cenie. �