https://zbiory.etnologia.uw.edu.pl/files/original/77920fa5204c7697393fe9a969fc9e17.pdf 5d714af42768d9f559b0bf7a21fe4d36 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polska Sztuka Ludowa - Konteksty Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Relation A related resource oai:cyfrowaetnografia.pl:publication:2887 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context oai:cyfrowaetnografia.pl:2692 Title A name given to the resource Summary of articles; Errata / Polska Sztuka Ludowa - Konteksty 2002 t.56 z.1-2 Description An account of the resource Polska Sztuka Ludowa - Konteksty 2002 t.56 z.1-2, s.262-270 Language A language of the resource pol. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Instytut Sztuki PAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf PDF Text Text capture metadata for PDF documents Text NOTY O AUTORACH (1989, Psia Tomasz Wit Szarszeń - student drugiego r o k u międzywydzia­ G w i a z d a ) , „Fungi" (1993) i „En vinter i Stockholm" (1997, (1987, K t o zważa na w i a t r ) , łowych I n d y w i d u a l n y c h Studiów H u m a n i s t y c z n y c h ( M I S H ) . Pewnej zimy w S z t o k h o l m i e ) oraz najnowszą, opublikowaną Interesuje się antropologią miasta i f i l m u . Fotografuje. „Hundstjarna" w r o k u 2000 L o r d Nevermore. Lord Nevermore przetłuma­ czony zosta! na wiele języków, m i n . : f r a n c u s k i , n i e m i e c k i , Jerzy Sławomir Wasilewski - e t n o l o g , d o k t o r h a b i l i t o w a n y , angielski, w i o s k i , hiszpański. W Polsce powieść ukaże się pracuje w Katedrze E t n o l o g i i i A n t r o p o l o g i i w przekładzie I w o n y Jędrzejewskiej n a k ł a d e m W y d a w n i c t w a U W . W l a t a c h 1971-80 był u c z e s t n i k i e m corocznej ekspedy­ Jacek S a n t o r s k i ćk C o . jesienią tego r o k u . c j i I H K M P A N do M o n g o l i i . Prowadził też p e n e t r a c j ę e t n o ­ Karolina Siemion - absolwentka e t n o l o g i i ( U W ) . Z a j m u j e kieł, rzecz o szamańskich się antropologią miasta i fotografią. a paradygmaty etnologii, Warszawa Kulturowej graficzną i n n y c h krajów A z j i . A u t o r książek: Podróż do pie­ misteriach, Warszawa 1979, Tabu 1989. Sławomir Sikora - e t n o l o g (studia U W ) . Sekretarz redak­ cji „Konteksty". Z a j m u j e się antropologią f o t o g r a f i i i f i l m u . Grzegorz Sokół - absolwent K E i A K U W . O p r ó c z zagadnień związanych z symboliką narodową w sztuce d e w o c y j n e j i n t e ­ resuje się szeroko p o j m o w a n ą problematyką kształtowania tożsamości - n a r o d o w y c h , p o n a d n a r o d o w y c h oraz osobi­ Summary of articles Krystyna Bartol, Read, Read Homer... Giovanni Cerri, Odysseus - A Hero Who Tells His Own Story T h i s t e x t by an o u t s t a n d i n g I t a l i a n classical p h i l o l o g i s t , an stych, zwłaszcza z perspektywy i n d y w i d u a l n e j , a także współ­ expert o n Greek archaic l i t e r a t u r e , a translator o f the Iliad, czesną teorią n a u k h u m a n i s t y c z n y c h . O d stycznia 2002 d o k ­ t o r a n t na wydziale E t n o l o g i i Europejskiej na U n i w e r s y t e c i e w L u n d w Szwecji, w r a m a c h i n t e r d y s c y p l i n a r n e g o p r o j e k t u " G r a n i c e Europy". a n d a scholar whose scientific investigations c o m b i n e p u r e ­ ly literary studies w i t h investigations c o n c e r n i n g the p h i l o ­ sophical reflections o f Greek t h i n k e r s , is an e x t r e m e l y i n t e ­ resting proposal o f a „centrifugal" a p p r o a c h t o the t e x t o f the Odyssey. C e r r i seeks a d e f i n i t i o n o f the personal i d e n t i ­ ty o f Odysseus, the h e r o o f H o m e r ' s p o e m , at the same t i m e Lech Sokół - D y r e k t o r I n s t y t u t u S z t u k i P A N , d r h a b i l i t o ­ posing a q u e s t i o n a b o u t the reasons for the v i t a l i t y o f the as­ wany, wykładowca A k a d e m i i Teatralnej w Warszawie, histo­ sorted images o f this figure i n the literary oeuvre o f all ryk dramatu i teatru, komparatysta. A u t o r publikacji o W i t ­ epochs. W h i l e d e m o n s t r a t i n g the characterological m u l t i - k a c y m , S t r i n b e r g u i Ibsenie, m . i n . Groteska w teatrze S. 1. -aspect n a t u r e o f Odysseus, C e r r i strives at c a p t u r i n g an ele­ Witkiewicza ( 1 9 7 2 ) , August Strinberg ( 1 9 8 1 ) , Witkacy i Strin- m e n t m e r g i n g p a r t i c u l a r aspects o f his personality, a n d berg: dalecy i bliscy (1995). ascribes f u n d a m e n t a l relevance t o a n analysis o f t h e he­ ro's a u t o b i o g r a p h i c a l discourse. I n d o i n g so, he proves t h a t A n n a Spissowa - absolwentka e t n o g r a f i i UJ, kustosz d y p l o ­ secondary n a r r a t i o n , i . e. the tale a b o u t himself, presented m o w a n y M u z e u m Etnograficznego w K r a k o w i e . Zaintereso­ by Odysseus at the c o u r t o f the k i n g o f the Phaeacians, is - w a n i a n a u k o w e k o n c e n t r u j ą się wokół zagadnień muzeal­ n i c t w a , zwłaszcza skansenowskiego, in anthropological dimension - a paradigmatic evocation of k u l t u r y sepulklarnej, h u m a n c o g n i t i o n . F u r t h e r m o r e , he demonstrates t h a t the tradycyjnego z d o b n i c t w a wnętrz, a szczególnie n o w e j estety­ i n t r o s p e c t i v e s t a t e m e n t made by the m a i n h e r o remains c l o ­ k i mieszkań na wsi i w mieście. sely c o n n e c t e d w i t h the emergence o f his self-awareness o f Katarzyna Suchcicką - j a k o p o e t k a d e b i u t o w a ł a kiem Nie powstrzymana mięśniem szybuję this process, w h i c h seems t o seal the personal i d e n t i t y of tomi­ nagrodzonym w konkursie „Pokolenie, które wstępuje" w r o k u 1986. Po d e b i u c i e w y d a l a t o m y p o e z j i Sycenie w W y d a w n i c t w i e K a l a m b u r ( W r o c ł a w 1987) i Niebieska pończocha dawnictwie L i t e r a c k i m (Kraków 1 9 9 3 ) . Jest w Wy­ Laureatką przez T o w a r z y s t w o P o e t y c k i e N e w H a m p s h i r e . Jej wiersze były p u b l i k o w a n e w a n t o l o g i a c h Over the Rainbow, M i c h i ­ gan 1990; D a n River Anthology, A n A n t h o l o g y of Maine Contemporary ve discourse represents an already m o u l d e d personality, i t allows i t t o c o m e i n t o b e i n g i n an objective w o r l d . I n this sense, H o m e r ' s n a r r a t i o n , focused w i t h i n the lens o f the N a r o d o w e g o K o n k u r s u Poetyckiego U S A organizowanego Aglow. every person. T h u s , albeit the a u t o b i o g r a p h i c a l , retrospecti­ 1990; Ambers Polish Women's awareness (or rather, self-awareness) o f the m a i n h e r o , reve­ als - as i f i n the spirit o f Berkeley's esse est percipi - the p r o ­ m i n e n c e o f the w o r d i n shaping o u r images o f the w o r l d . Aleksandra Melbechowska-Luty, Cywilizacja - Trans- Atlantyk. The Ocean, Ships and Havens of Norwid and Gombrowicz 1996 I n 1958, M a r i a Dąbrowska w r o t e a b o u t a c e r t a i n s p i r i t u a l oraz S n u ć miłość. Polska poezja miłosna od X I V w i e k u W ł o ­ kinship between Cyprian N o r w i d and W i t o l d Gombrowicz, Poetry R e g i n y G r o l , H o s t P u b l i c a t i o n s A u s t i n , Texas d z i m i e r z a B o l e c k i e g o , B e r t e l s m a n , Warszawa 2 0 0 0 . P u b l i ­ t w o Polish writers a c e n t u r y apart. B o t h shared a similar k o w a ł a również wiersze, k r y t y k i i eseje w p o l s k i c h p i s m a c h stance, features, passions, t h o u g h t s , o u t s t a n d i n g intellects, literackich. originality, innovativeness, u n c o m m o n personalities a n d a special U k o ń c z y ł a filologię polską n a U n i w e r s y t e c i e W a r s z a w s k i m . O d 1990 r jest dziennikarką telewizyjną, a u t o r k ą p o n a d 40 programów m . i n . z serii Skąd ta wrażliwość, poświęconych Autorów i Kompozytorów ZAiKS. a critical a ruthless attitude assessment towards of their s u r r o u n d i n g a n d i n t r o d u c e d i n t o the i n t e l l e c t u a l life o f the of n e w n o t i o n s , reflections, concepts a n d theories o f art Na­ groda. Jest c z ł o n k i e m Stowarzyszenia Pisarzy Polskich oraz Związku life, e p o c h his o w n v i s i o n o f the w o r l d . N o r w i d was a precursor l i t e r a t u r z e i sztuce. Zrealizowała także f i l m y d o k u m e n t a l n e o tematyce l i t e r a c k i e j : Nowa Fala oraz Kościelscy i ich b o n d ; b o t h disclosed contemporary Obecnie, (subsequently Gombrowicz continued became the by the modernists), co-author of while "self-aware" l i t e r a t u r e , thus preceding "negative experience" art. T h e w związku z p o b y t e m n a p l a c ó w c e d y p l o m a t y c z n e j , zamiesz­ biographies o f the t w o m e n also c o n t a i n experiences as kuje w S z t o k h o l m i e . 262 �SUMMARY OF ARTICLES emigres the the w o r l d o f science a n d art, d e p i c t e d against t h e b a c k d r o p A t l a n t i c . These expeditions c o u l d be regarded as a sheer a n d sea o f t h e course o f the f r i e n d s h i p . T h e i n t e r v i e w , c o n d u c t e d by coincidence or voyagers, since b o t h h a d crossed metaphysical phenomena, a mysterious impulse w h i c h set i n t o m o t i o n i n t h e i r "creative work the Polish translator o f t h e b o o k , tries t o b r i n g f o r t h t h e Polish perspective a n d the a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e towards P o l a n d . oceanic m o t i f s l i m i t i n g the range o f the universum". For W e also p u b l i s h some excerpts f r o m the centuries, c o l l e c t i v e consciousness has t u r n e d t h e ship i n t o b o o k by A g n e t a Pleijel. aforementioned a n archetype, a m y t h i c a l a n d m a g i c a l " f i g u r e " ascribed t o the c o n c e p t o f the r o u t e a n d voyage o f life, a symbol o f t h e soul, hope, stability, a n d t h e "closed" universe. Norwid Anna Malanowska, The Theatricalisation of the Funeral of S. I . Witkiewicz t r a v e l l e d t o N o r t h A m e r i c a o n t h e sailing ship " M a r g a r e t An Evans" u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e p u r p o r t e d f u n e r a l o f S. I . W i t k i e w i c z , (1852/1853) and returned to Europe on the attempt at interpreting and, at the same time, steamship "Pacific" ( 1 8 5 4 ) . H e described b o t h vessels i n a h e l d i n 1988. masterly way i n his n o v e l Cywilizacja, i n w h i c h he l a u d e d s u p p l e m e n t a r y parts, o f w h i c h the first shows the p a t h the t r a d i t i o n a l sailing ship a n d expressed a c e r t a i n aloofness traversed by W i t k i e w i c z (already p o s t h u m o u s l y ) f r o m a n towards the m o d e r n , speedy steamship, w h i c h u l t i m a t e l y artist relegated t o the m a r g i n a n d a n outsider to a n a t i o n a l The t e x t is composed o f three m u t u a l l y s u n k i n 1856, probably after a c o l l i s i o n w i t h a n iceberg. T h e m a r t y r (the a l t e r a t i o n o f his status is w e l l i l l u s t r a t e d by shifts p o i g n a n t experience o f this e v e n t i n c l i n e d N o r w i d to w r i t e w i t h i n his legend). Part t w o analyses the m a r i t i m e Legenda, expressing spectacle (Raszewski) a n d a show ( G o f f m a n ) , d r a w i n g f o r t h his o p i n i o n about the t h e f u n e r a l as a mirages o f c i v i l i s a t i o n , the m i g h t o f t e c h n o l o g y a n d the a n d characterising illusive chase after matter, e m p i r i a a n d all things t e c h n i c a l . interests, G o m b r o w i c z sailed t o A r g e n t i n e i n A u g u s t 1939 o n M/s whose " C h r o b r y " , a n d once i n Buenos A i r e s he w r o t e Trans- People's R e p u b l i c o f Poland) were decisive f o r its specificity Atlantyk , a n o v e l m a i n t a i n e d i n the spirit o f a farcical tragedy, a c o n t r o v e r s i a l message addressed t o t h e Poles, a n d the assorted (at times c o n t r a d i c t o r y ) a t t i t u d e s a n d expectations entanglement and context o f the p a r t i c i p a n t s , (the twilight a n d uniqueness. Finally, the t h i r d p a r t c o n t a i n s of the hypotheses a n d a summary. a n assessment o f the Polish past a n d m e n t a l i t y c o n f r o n t e d w i t h the n a t i o n a l w a r t i m e cataclysm a n d the problems o f c o n t e m p o r a n e i t y . M/s " C h r o b r y " , adapted for the purposes o f a t r o o p carrier, s u n k near N o r w a y i n 1940. A f t e r 24 years spent i n A r g e n t i n a , G o m b r o w i c z (always fascinated with t h e sea) described i n his Dziennik 1963 how during a return trip t o Europe he ( D i a r y 1963) noticed the mist- e n s h r o u d e d p h a n t o m o f " C h r o b r y " , w h i c h appeared o n the A t l a n t i c as a harbinger o f fate, a n a p p a r i t i o n o f lost y o u t h , a "perished brother, lost f o r ever". Tomasz Grygiel, A Victory of Art over Time? From the Current Premises of Schopenhauerian Thought A n essential feature o f c o n t e m p o r a n e i t y is a c o n s t a n t race w i t h t i m e , its c u l t , a n d f e t i s h i z a t i o n , w h i c h destroy the i n t i m a c y o f t h e life o f a n i n d i v i d u a l a n d t h e n a t u r a l course o f his a c t i v i t y , a n d e v e n devastate t h e sphere o f c u l t u r e . T h e r e emerges the q u e s t i o n w h e t h e r a n a n t i d o t e t o this state o f things may be sought i n a r t a n d its experiencing. W e discover human a n a f f i r m a t i v e answer thought i n which the i n those conceptions subject e x p e r i e n c i n g of art L e c h Sokół, Edgar, Duke of Nevermore and Bimgo. Bronisław succumbs, Malinowski as a Character in the Oeuvre of Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz f r o m s u r r o u n d i n g reality, e v e n i f o n l y m o m e n t a r i l y . A t t h a t T h e article discusses the close f r i e n d s h i p b e t w e e n Bronisław no M a l i n o w s k i (researcher, w o r l d - f a m o u s anthropologist) a n d i n t e r p r e t e d i n terms o f t i m e and space a n d b e l o n g i n g t o the Stanisław I . W i t k i e w i c z (writer, painter, a r t i s t ) , and i n p a r t i ­ daily w o r l d , k n o w n as t h e w o r l d o f the " w i l l " , since i n the t h a n k s t o its specific properties, to e x c l u s i o n p a r t i c u l a r t i m e , A . S c h o p e n h a u e r c l a i m e d , s u c h a person is longer governed by of c o n t e m p l a t i n g art the e a r t h l y laws o f man coexists not physics cular its „literary" version, c o n t a i n e d p r e d o m i n a n t l y i n W i t - act kiewicz's y o u t h f u l n o v e l 622 wpadki Bunga, czyh Demoniczna presented objects b u t w i t h the images o f t h e i r ideas ( i n the with the kobieta (622 Falls o f Bungo, or the D e m o n i c Female), w r i t ­ P l a t o n i a n sense), w h i c h exist i n a d i f f e r e n t d i m e n s i o n . T h e t e n i n 1 9 1 0 - 1 9 1 1 (supplemented i n 1919), b u t never p u b l i ­ presence (experiencing) shed d u r i n g t h e author's l i f e t i m e ; i n i t , M a l i n o w s k i is por­ art, trayed as Edgar D u k e o f N e v e r m o r e , a n d W i t k i e w i c z - m e n t i o n e d by K . Jaspers, w h i l e S. Ossowski, w h o creatively as together with the o f t w o d i f f e r e n t w o r l d s : real a n d latter's timeless presence, was B u n g o . T h e a u t h o r n o t o n l y depicts the d i f f e r e n t attitudes o f adapted elements o f S c h o p e n h a u e r i a n the t w o m e n towards science, art and life, b u t also notes t h a t the correctness o f the thesis o f " l i v i n g f o r a m o m e n t " , already i n this early " l i t e r a r y v e r s i o n " one may c o n v e n i e n t i n the r e c e p t i o n o f art. encounter premises for t h e subsequent ( i n 1914) b r e a k i n g o f a very clo­ thought, launched T h e a c c o m p l i s h m e n t s o f c o n t e m p o r a r y art, i n c l u d i n g t h e se f r i e n d s h i p (the o f f i c i a l reason being t h e i r disparate a t t i t u ­ des towards the w a r ) . T h i s " l i t e r a r y " version is referred t o the a c t u a l relationship, a l t h o u g h its models and m o t i f s can be f o u n d also i n l i t e r a t u r e f r o m the Young Poland p e r i o d . q u a n t u m t h e o r y a n d relativistic cosmology, w h i c h negate " t h e a r r o w o f t i m e " a n d even p e r m i t t h e possibility o f designating its d i r e c t i o n i n c e r t a i n regions o f the universe, appear t o go h a n d i n h a n d w i t h t h e p h i l o s o p h i c a l i n t u i t i o n o f Schopenhauer, i n w h i c h t i m e c a n be l o c a t e d also outside Two Eagles. A n Interview Held by Katarzyna Suchcicka with Agneta Pleijel t h e t r a d i t i o n a l laws o f e a r t h l y causality. We w o u l d like t o A c o n v e r s a t i o n h e l d w i t h A g n e t a Pleijel, a u t h o r o f the b o o k l i v e d , is assisted by experienced c o n t a c t w i t h art. Lord Nevermore, telling the story o f t h e believe t h a t l i b e r a t i o n f r o m these laws, e v e n i f o n l y short­ complicated f r i e n d s h i p b e t w e e n Stanisław I . W i t k i e w i c z (one o f t h e most Teresa Grzybkowska, The Lady from Elche p r o m i n e n t figures i n Polish art u p t o t h e second w o r l d war) T h i s t e x t is a fragment o f Podróże Tajemne (Secret Journeys), a n d Bronisław M a l i n o w s k i ( w o r l d - f a m o u s a n t h r o p o l o g i s t ) . a c u r r e n t l y w r i t t e n account o f a j o u r n e y to Spain, A s i a M i n o r T h e p u b l i c a t i o n , w h i c h is n o t a d o c u m e n t a r y w o r k , i n t e n d s and Sicily. T h e t i t u l a r Lady o f Elche is a likeness of a female, also, i f n o t p r i m a r i l y , t o f o l l o w t h e c o n f r o n t a t i o n b e t w e e n carved i n stone, discovered at the e n d o f the n i n e t e e n t h 263 �SUMMARY OF ARTICLES c e n t u r y i n Spain a n d almost i m m e d i a t e l y taken to Paris, f r o m a s y m b o l . A u t h o r describes p a r t i c u l a r features o f skyscraper w h i c h i t was r e t u r n e d to the A r c h a e o l o g i c a l M u s e u m i n i n its c u l t u r a l contexts. I t can be i n t e r p r e t e d as a "pseudo- M a d r i d i n 1941. T h i s unusual w o r k o f art became the topic t e m p l e " : the " t e m p l e o f m o n e y " . o f reflections about Iberian art - the sculpture, w h i c h tells the b e a u t i f u l and haughty face predict the pathos and archaism Peter Martyn, A British Troy in The Heanland? (On The Flourishing, Dissolution and Ultimate Oblivion of An Urban Civilisation) o f hieratic ceremony at the Toledo a n d M a d r i d courts o f T h e author, a C o v e n t r i a n by b i r t h , has sought to place i n an story o f bygone days, depicts a female deity i n ceremonial costume, whose magnificent jewellry and majestically m o d e r n Spanish monarchs. T h e Lady o f Elche conceals the appropriate historic c o n t e x t the vestigial urbane features o f secret o f eternal y o u t h , an a t t r i b u t e o f a goddess whose image w h a t for a long time, before the nearby, modem-age w i l l always r e m a i n anonymous, comprising the very essence constantly o f royal f e m i n i n i t y suffused w i t h d i v i n e tranquillity. transmuting urban accretion and of Birmingham usurped its position, was the urbs p r i m a o f the M i d l a n d s . Based largely o n t w o English-language articles published i n Barbara Czamiawska, A need for symmetrical ethnology in management studies Warsaw, the text is i n t e n d e d for Polish readers to bring i n t o M o d e r n i z a t i o n was never a process l i m i t e d to " n o n - m o d e r n " inhabitants o f a city whose true apogee is seen to have been countries, involves reached i n another, m u c h earlier age. I n spite o f the v i o l e n t everybody i n the c o n t e m p o r a r y w o r l d , a l t h o u g h i n d i f f e r e n t course of events under H e n r y V I I I and his progeny, there is but a process t h a t c o n t i n u e s and focus the unique i d e n t i t y and culture generated by the forms a n d w i t h v a r y i n g results. T h e r e f o r e , the postulate o f ample i f fragmentary evidence to suggest that, d u r i n g the " s y m m e t r i c a l a n t h r o p o l o g y " , or " s y m m e t r i c a l ethnology" prolonged struggle for p o l i t i c a l power waged t h r o u g h o u t m u c h f o r m u l a t e d by B r u n o L a t o u r b u t p r a c t i c e d already by such o f the B r i t i s h Isles and France ruled by the Plantagenets, great anthropologists as M a r s h a l l Sahlins, great C o v e n t r y h a d been t a k i n g shape as an u r b a n republic i n which embryonic f o r m . Rapid decline i n the 16th century a n d a is o f i m p o r t a n c e , especially i n the field o f m a n a g e m e n t , anthropological m a r k e d abstention f r o m the m a i n trends i n so-called n a t i o n a l scrutiny. W h i l e t h e w a v e o f " o r g a n i z a t i o n a l c u l t u r e " studies affairs right d o w n to the 2 0 t h century relegated to the remote m a d e the first e n c r o a c h m e n t i n this t r a d i t i o n , i t is n o w t i m e past the unquestionable significance o f a B r i t i s h analogy for was traditionally excluded from the to collapse s u c h d i c h o t o m i e s as " t e c h n i c a l - i d e o l o g i c a l " , or the Greek " s y m b o l i c - p r a c t i c a l " a n d pay m o r e a t t e n t i o n to the rituals o f inhabitants as a G o t h i c equivalent of the Celestial polis or G e r m a n Freistadt. Worshipped by its m o d e r n i t y , a n d to the role o f fashion a n d mimesis i n the Coventry's independence was secured by the burgess at the City, global economy. T h i s article discusses t h e challenges a n d expense o f feudal overlordship and ecclesiastical authority. t h e promises of such an a p p r o a c h to m o d e r n c u l t u r e . T h i s enclave o f m u n i c i p a l liberty was to itself fall v i c t i m to encroachments Jerzy S. Wasilewski, The Travelling Ethnologist. Confucius in Front of a Camera, the Female Shaman with a Microphone A successive f r a g m e n t i n a series describing the experiences by the Crown (Dissolution of the Monasteries; Charles IPs order t h a t the city walls be spited), c u l m i n a t i n g i n direct state interference and c o n t r o l (collapse o f the outworkers' m o v e m e n t f o l l o w i n g the 1860 Anglo- o f a k n o w n e t h n o l o g i s t o n a voyage to the C u l t u r e of the Far French Free Trade A c t ) . East. T h i s t i m e , W a s i l e w s k i shares observations T h e r e is absolutely n o t h i n g n e w i n the m a x i m t h a t history f r o m his stay i n Korea a n d meetings w i t h K o r e a n shamans, w h i c h i n ­ tends to be t o l d by its v i c t o r s . A n hypothesis based o n the i t i a l l y appeared d i s a p p o i n t i n g a n d o n l y later led to an u n ­ c o n c e p t o f post-mediaeval u r b a n d i s s o l u t i o n m u s t reject t h e d e r s t a n d i n g o f local specificity. "Slowly, I became aware o f s t a n d a r d i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h a t u r b a n g r o w t h forms p a r t o f a the fact t h a t I s h o u l d be d e c i p h e r i n g the values l y i n g at the decisive basis o f K o r e a n s h a m a n i s m as u l t i m a t e l y global, c i v i l i s a t i o n . C o n v e n t i o n a l endeavours to a c o m p l e x o f artistic p r o d u c t i o n s , e x p a n d e d i n a m a n n e r n o t perceive d e v e l o p m e n t s i n the city o f the past i n terms o f e n c o u n t e r e d a n y w h e r e else i n the w o r l d . A v e r i t a b l e c o n ­ c o n s t a n t progress fail to adequately a c c o u n t for the h i g h l y test o f the fine arts, w h e r e the success o f the female s h a m a n c o m p l e x a n d o n the w h o l e vaguely d e f i n e d mechanisms is measured i n such disciplines as dance, song, r e c i t a t i o n o f so-called m y t h s , legends a n d fables, the art o f f o r t u n e - t e l l i n g , conver­ become a n u r b a n l a b o r a t o r y i n w h i c h a new social order sations a n d banter w i t h the audience, a n d , finally, the co­ based o n t e c h n o l o g i c a l advance was supposed to be forged, i n a d i f f e r e n t way, m o r e stume, m a k e - u p a n d even t h e art o f m a k i n g paper flowers". today's c o n t i n u u m i n the history of 'Western, and of h i s t o r i c process. Fated i n the 2 0 t h c e n t u r y to city bears the stigmata of having had its a r c h i t e c t u r a l p r o f i l e a n d very u r b a n l a y o u t t r a n s f o r m e d Tomasz Wit Szerszeń, " I n the Shade of the Skyscraper" - b e y o n d r e c o g n i t i o n i n the course o f several generations. an Attempt at an Anthropological View of New Architecture in Warsaw T h e gaping shell o f St. Michael's cathedral c h u r c h w i t h its The article is d e v o t e d to a n contemporary architecture skyscrapers- a n t h r o p o l o g i c a l study i n Warsaw: especially of of the m a g n i f i c e n t steepled b e l l tower offers the most p r o m i n e n t testimony, i n soaring stone, to the glory t h a t must once have been C o v e n t r y . N e v e r designed to serve as a bishop's cathedral, b u t rather for the citizens as their o w n expression h o w they exist i n the c o l l e c t i v e i m a g i n a t i o n . (culturally o f pious gratitude a n d above all civic p r i d e , apart f r o m their understood) category o f h e i g h t a n d the image o f the city. H e chapels, i t featured upper chambers where m a n y of the more Author emphasizes the relation between shows h o w the change i n o u r acquaintance w i t h h e i g h t is important reflected i n poetry, art a n d U t o p i a n ideas. A u t h o r presents A l o n g s i d e the meagre a r c h i t e c t u r a l m o n u m e n t s preserved to crafts would meet and conduct their affairs. the r e c e p t i o n o f the sudden appearance o f skyscrapers i n this day, the varied a n d changing contents of the so-called Polish cityscape i n t h e early 90': they were c o n c e i v e d as mystery plays p r o v i d e v i t a l insight i n t o b o t h the city's c u l t u r a l s o m e t h i n g e n t i r e l y new, o d d a n d mysterious. T h a n k s to and social life. T h e civic drama p e r f o r m e d by the crafts i n the p o p u l a r press they have become p a r t o f a c o m m o n m y t h . streets reflect T h e y acquired features o f p a r a d o x i c a l a n d ambiguous life o f original m o r a l i t y a n d miracle plays enacted by the monastic 264 a growing t r e n d towards secularising the �SUMMARY OF ARTICLES orders. Religiousness and spirituality remained a v i t a l part of strong b o n d w i t h the experiences o f the body, as evidenced by these pageants, b u t equally i m p o r t a n t ingredients its very name: the j u d g m e n t o f taste. Sensual were experience, comedy, satire and a n increasingly p r o n o u n c e d reference t o even i f we were to be aware of its fallibility, still remains one pagan mythology. A p a r t f r o m a n o n g o i n g socio-economic o f t h e most crisis, the gradual demise o f Coventry's ' D r a m a t i c Mysteries' contacts w i t h the w o r l d ; hence transcending the j u d g m e n t o f personal and i n t i m a t e ways o f establishing reflects the c u l t u r a l and p o l i t i c a l distress t h a t befell the city taste is t a n t a m o u n t to transgressing the c u l t u r a l l i m i t a t i o n s o f d u r i n g England's o w n royal enterprise of r e f o r m a t i o n . T h i s o w n experiences. T h e was ensued by a brief b u t bloody spell of c o u n t e r - r e f o r m a t i o n m e n t i o n e d group of researchers was based t o a considerable before the Elizabethan 'Renaissance' ensconced itself i n the degree o n works by Pierre B o u r d i e u a n d his theory about the c o u r t capital. W h i l e the rise o f P u r i t a n i s m sounded the d e a t h socially classifying role o f the j u d g m e n t o f taste. knell to local creative genius throughout the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n proposed by above country, t h r e a t e n i n g even London's e b u l l i e n t theatre life, attempts were t a k e n , t h r o u g h the avoidance of Biblical references, to Grzegorz Sokół, The Madonna of Częstochowa National Symbol salvage s o m e t h i n g o f the ' C o v e n t r y E n t e r t a i n m e n t s ' . Based A n abbreviated version o f a w o r k w r i t t e n as part o f ethnology o n Joseph Flavius's T h e Jewish War, the play metaphorically courses at W a r s a w t i t l e d T h e D e s t r u c t i o n of Jerusalem is i n t e r p r e t e d by the c o n d u c t e d i n the Częstochowa sanctuary a n d Licheń i n 1998. as the Polish U n i v e r s i t y , a n d based o n research a u t h o r as a parable of the M i d l a n d s city's o w n demise. I t T h e author i n q u i r e d about the n a t i o n a l a n d religious message seems q u i t e likely t h a t , as opposed to the o u t l a w e d pageants, of the t h e 1584 performance was staged i n just one place, o n the site Częstochowa, the shaping of its significance, and the r e l a t i o n of Coventry's o w n temple, w h i c h the likeness o f the Madonna of demolished between its religious universality and n a t i o n a l or o u t r i g h t w i t h i n l i v i n g m e m o r y i n the late 1540s: the first cathedral personal particularism. T h e pilgrims usually assess the direct and Benedictine c o m b i n a t i o n o f official n a t i o n a l symbols w i t h Priory. T h e h a d been s y m b o l , i . e. annual procession o f Lady the Black G o d i v a , first i n t r o d u c e d i n the 1 7 t h c e n t u r y as a m u c h M a d o n n a negatively, c l a i m i n g t h a t the needed substitute for the d i s c o n t i n u e d 'Mysteries', seems to becomes partially desacralised and - especially i f one poses d r a w its roots f r o m a m a t r i a r c h i c a l d i v i n i t y . B o r n o u t o f the this worship o f n a t u r a l forces a n d spectacles i n times p r e d a t i n g i n t e r p r e t a t i o n . A t the same time, the very presentation of the the i n t r o d u c t i o n of Christianity, such rites, as w e l l as being Częstochowa p a i n t i n g possesses a specifically Polish character, instrumental w h i c h is the reason w h y i t can f u n c t i o n independently as a i n the city's creation, c o u l d easily have i n f l u e n c e d its r i c h mediaeval pageantry. as portrayed of tragedies, comedies openly - calls for a thus slightly d i f f e r e n t n a t i o n a l symbol. T h e "concealed" contents, i . e. those w h i c h Lastly, b u t c e r t a i n l y n o t least, events a n d sentiments i n the question holy image a n d histories are n o t o n l y visually manifested i n the d e p i c t i o n , b u t w h i c h nonetheless constitute a n extremely essential c o m p o n e n t of Shakespearean d r a m a appear n o t o n l y t o be c o n n e c t e d w i t h its message, possess a n u m b e r of assorted sources. b u t t o actually d r a w t h e i r origins f r o m C o v e n t r y . I t seems as reconstruction o f the symbol w i t h i n an i n t e r v i e w takes place good as c e r t a i n t h a t the ethos o f the city'ss The dramatic u p o n the basis of its historically shaped significance a n d its Mysteries, the o v e r w h e l m i n g m a j o r i t y o f w h i c h were never current, pragmatic context. T h e a u t h o r also a t t e m p t e d to transcribed a n d thus never h a n d e d d o w n t o posterity, f i n d perform a semantic-historical analysis o f the sources o f the t h e i r expression i n the Shakespearean heritage. contents o f the titular image by d i v i d i n g the examined issue according to its four aspects: cult, miracle, iconography and politics. H e also delved i n t o the composite r e l a t i o n between religious universality a n d the Ewa Klekot, H o l y Pictures, Lichen and the Judgment of Taste F r o m 1997 students to 1999 the a u t h o r c o n d u c t e d , together of ethnology concerning at contemporary Warsaw Częstochowa with area o f examination of the perception of an object of f r o m the v i e w p o i n t o f its aesthetics - the c h u r c h o f H o l y Providence i n Wesoła, w i t h a n i n t e r i o r designed by Jerzy aesthetic a n d a n object w h i c h gave rise t o certain protest - the sanctuary in Licheń. opposition seems to the be i n t e l l e c t u a l nature, a derivative of our process o f contrasting c o n t e m p o r a r y sacral art, assessed positively by the researchers Nowosielski - n a t i o n a l specificity of i n t o a n intellectual p r o b l e m . A p p a r e n t l y , i t possesses a n the investigations was selected i n such a m a n n e r so as to facilitate an This f u n d a m e n t a l a n d at times is frequently recognised and t u r n e d U n i v e r s i t y , research religious art. T h e Madonna. The investigations were concerned also w i t h t a k i n g a closer l o o k the t w o categories, to w h i c h i t is d i f f i c u l t n o t to succumb once one conducts their verbalisation. By referring t o the m o d e l devised by V i c t o r Turner, the author declares t h a t the more important line of division runs n o t so m u c h between Polishness a n d universality as between the personal, o u t r i g h t i n t i m a t e a t t i t u d e t o the M a d o n n a of Częstochowa a n d the official stand. at contemporary religious art t h r o u g h the eyes of its users. H e n c e the visits i n Częstochowa and K a l w a r i a Zebrzydowska Agnieszka Kuła, The Licheń Golgotha as an Example of the Rivalry as well as a study o f the d e v o t i o n a l art m a r k e t . I t rapidly of the Tradition and Popularity of the Way of the Cross Service became apparent t h a t pride o f place was g i v e n to the value of P e r t i n e n t research focused a t t e n t i o n o n the c o m b i n a t i o n contemporary religious art a n d the possibility of applying the w i t h i n the Licheń G o l g o t h a of t h e t r a d i t i o n of mediaeval j u d g m e n t o f taste, w h i c h , based to a great measure o n sensual Sacri M o n t i a n d the W a y o f t h e Cross service. T h e a u t h o r experience, is the worst justified by means o f discourse or the was also interested i n the image o f G o l g o t h a r e m e m b e r e d by least susceptible to relativisation. T h e present-day j u d g m e n t the visitors. D e p a r t u r e f r o m the symbolic o f taste, f o u n d e d o n the e v a l u a t i o n of aesthetic qualities and recreation o f reality leads t o a p r o f o u n d i n v o l v e m e n t o f the the participants o f the religious ceremony. conviction about their autonomy, comprises an i n s t r u m e n t w i t h w h i c h we are equipped by our o w n c u l t u r a l The i n favour of a principles o f c o m p o s i t i o n , resembling those applied by the architects w h o t r a d i t i o n - we simply "react w i t h the j u d g m e n t of taste" t o created Sacri M o n t i , i . e. realism a n d the i s o l a t i o n o f the site the m a t e r i a l effects of man's w i t h the assistance o f v e r d a n t v e g e t a t i o n , are n o t o n l y to the activity. T h e artistic ( i n c l u d i n g musical) aesthetic j u d g m e n t contains a n extremely i 265 l i k i n g o f the f a i t h f u l b u t also facilitate t h e i r engagement. �SUMMARY OF ARTICLES Antonina Bereza, Devotional Picture The Functioning of a Contemporary w a ] a n d S k ę p e ) a n d reviews select v o t i v e paintings featured H o w are d e v o t i o n a l i a used? W h a t is t h e i r purpose? T h e ged, a n d the same type o f t r u s t recuts for almost 300 years, t h e r e i n . T h e essence o f miracle experiences has n o t c h a n ­ answers to these, at first glance, banal questions pose q u i t e albeit probably less universally. It is reality w h i c h has suc­ a d i f f i c u l t task. D e v o t i o n a l i a , a n d i n p a r t i c u l a r d e v o t i o n a l c u m b e d to t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s - the appearance o f a l c o h o l i s m pictures, b e l o n g simultaneously i n Poland a n d b a n d i t r y i n the U . S . A . (evidenced by the v o ­ to various w o r l d s - the w o r l d o f art, r e l i g i o n , sometimes specific magic, as w e l l as ta o f M e x i c a n emigres). the w o r l d o f objects o f daily use, o f souvenirs a n d small gifts. The a u t h o r t r i e d to d e m o n s t r a t e t h e assorted f u n c t i o n s Karolina Siemion, Miraculous and Ordinary Water w h i c h c a n be f u l f i l l e d be d e v o t i o n a l i a a n d , at the same t i m e , A the m u l t i p l e reflections o n t h i s t o p i c . group " F i l m a n d p h o t o g r a p h y - m e t h o d s o f e t h n o g r a p h i c study pursued as p a r t o f the e x p e r i m e n t a l laboratory d o c u m e n t a t i o n " , c o n d u c t e d by P. Szacki, К . B r a u n a n d A . Magdalena Jagiełło, From Holiness to the Mundane - or on the Profanity of the Devotional Image during the Decline of the elderly) was gathered i n 1999 i n the regions o f Krasnobród, Audiovisual Epoch Rzeszów T h i s text is one of the results of investigations carried o u t i n supplemented Częstochowa as part of a laboratory dealing w i t h composed devotional Różycki. The material ( m a i n l y conversations with a n d K r o s n o as w e l l as i n Gietrzwałd, by a b o u t of t w o parts: and the 200 photographs. the second - first kitsch. T h e author embarked u p o n an a t t e m p t at describing water", the present-day c o n d i t i o n of the holy image. T h e emergence of m i r a c u l o u s spring appears suddenly - a n d was The pertains to " m i r a c u l o u s the w o r k is to " o r d i n a r y water". The i t gushes t h a n k s to such extreme forms o f devotional objects as the ones she the i n t e r v e n t i o n o f encountered i n the course o f her studies, and the impossibility r e v e l a t i o n o f the V i r g i n M a r y - the subsequent patrons o f a saint a n d is o f t e n associated w i t h a o f perceiving i n t h e m any incorrectness and profanation are, the f o u n t . T h i s is t h e source of t h e water's h e a l t h - g i v i n g according to the author, the outcome o f the encroaching new properties, w h i c h r e m a i n c o n s t a n t audiovisual epoch w h i c h has produced i n us novel instruments the spring. T h e m e d i c i n a l a n d magic effects o f the w a t e r unless someone sullies o f perception, rendering us helpless i n the face o f a new reality increase d u r i n g specific periods, e. g. at Easter. U p to this that combines f i c t i o n a n d t h a t w h a t is real, and obliterates the day, t h e c u s t o m o f d r a w i n g water f r o m a spring at m i d n i g h t boundary between the w o r l d o f the sacrum and the profanum. or i m m e d i a t e l y before d a w n is c u l t i v a t e d i n m a n y parts o f Izabella Dzienisiewicz, The Image of Licheń in the Media and in the Eyes of the Pilgrims p a r t i c u l a r day endows i t w i t h special qualities. Poland. T h e fact t h a t n o one h a d yet d r a w n water o n t h a t A d e s c r i p t i o n o f the M a r i a n Sanctuary i n L i c h e ń as w e l l as Małgorzata Baranowska, The Postcard the way i n w h i c h i t is perceived by p i l g r i m s a n d the media. T h e a u t h o r has been c o l l e c t i n g postcards for years, a n d has C o n d u c t e d research d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t the f o r m e r consider b r o a c h e d this topic i n assorted publications ( i . a. " K o n t e k ­ the Sanctuary t o be a w o n d r o u s a n d m a g n i f i c e n t place, sty" 3-4/1992 a n d " V i s u a l A n t h r o p o l o g y " , v o l . 7, n o . 3, where everyone experiences s t i r r i n g e m o t i o n s a n d w h i c h 1995). T h e pilgrims leave s p i r i t u a l l y u p l i f t e d . T h e d i a m e t r i c a l l y diffe­ blems associated w i t h the classification o f postcards. presented t e x t indicates predominantly pro­ r e n t image o f L i c h e ń f o r m e d by t h e media employs such c o l l e c t i o n is as i f a " n a t u r a l " , c u l t u r a l state o f the postcards, expressions as k i t s c h , tawdriness, a n d " a r c h i t e c t u r a l debau­ w h i c h , i n t u r n , i m m e d i a t e l y p r o d u c e t h e f o r m o f a collec­ The c h e r y " , a n d draws a t t e n t i o n t o the e x o r b i t a n t costs o f the t i o n , the p r i m e reason being t h a t f r o m its very onset the p o ­ u n d e r t a k i n g . T h e a u t h o r presents her o w n p e r c e p t i o n of L i ­ stcard is " t h e offspring o f the n o t i o n of a series". T h e deve­ c h e n , a n d as a " n o n - t r a n s p a r e n t e t h n o g r a p h e r " concludes l o p m e n t o f p r i n t i n g , industry, c o p y i n g , a n d the m o d e r n p o ­ t h a t we are d e a l i n g w i t h a p o s t m o d e r n sanctuary. ssibilities o f r e p r o d u c t i o n became c o m b i n e d w i t h i m a g i n a ­ t i o n , a l o n g i n g to t r a v e l , the c u l t o f all t h a t is exotic, a n d i n ­ Jacek Olędzki, Mexico. Contemporary Miracle Consciousness t i m a t e reminiscences. T h e postcard is a being w h i c h c a n be Jacek Olędzki, The Marian Sanctuary in Bardo Śląskie classified i n an almost endless n u m b e r o f ways. A s a rule, we For almost fifty years Jacek Olędzki has been e x a m i n i n g m i ­ deal w i t h classifications racles, a n d has published, also i n our periodical, texts about b u t i t is w o r t h n o t i n g the presence o f "producer's collec­ miracle sensitivity a n d v o t a . T h i s t i m e , he considers M e x i c a n t i o n s " (the a u t h o r draws a t t e n t i o n to several extremely i n ­ imposed by p a r t i c u l a r collectors, vota, so-called retabk>s. A s i n the past, M a r i a n and Jesus sanc­ teresting series d e v o t e d to N a p o l e o n ) . C o l l e c t i n g postcards tuaries i n M e x i c o are d o m i n a t e d by rather naive, t o u c h i n g differs f r o m o t h e r types o f collections, for instance, stamps, paintings executed o n t i n , always bearing an a d o r a t i o n i n ­ i . a. due to the fact t h a t a stamp c o l l e c t i o n represents a cer­ scription e x p l a i n i n g the events w h i c h lay at the basis of the t a i n value f r o m its very b e g i n n i n g . T h e a u t h o r also e m p h a ­ given v o t u m (thus, we may speak about a process of rende­ sises t h a t postcards played a c e r t a i n part i n the p r o m o t i o n r i n g public something w h i c l i frequently remains o f the c i n e m a ( i . e. mass-scale d u p l i c a t e d portraits o f extremely nerated figure to w h o m a request or thanks are film stars a n d scenes). p r i v a t e ) . A s a rule, each retablo includes a likeness of the ve­ addressed. T h e a u t h o r describes a n d analyses assorted examples o f reta­ Jan Gondowicz, The Passions of Pastor Dogdson blos, basing his text p r e d o m i n a n t l y o n material c o n t a i n e d i n Lewis C a r r o l l , alias Charles L u t d w i g e Dodgson, is universally the excellently published and admirable Miracles on the Bor­ celebrated as the a u t h o r o f tantalising stories about A l i c e . der: Retablos of Mexican Migrants to the United States by Jorge T h e a u t h o r o f the presented text reveals the almost u n k n o w n D u r a n d a n d Douglas S. Massey. I n his analysis o f e m i g r a t i o n , face o f Rev. D o d g s o n : a passion for photography. A certain t h e a u t h o r notes t h a t i t was primarily a plebeian p i q u a n t tinge to this years-long pastime is added by the fact phenome­ n o n , a n d compares i t to earlier tides o f Polish emigres. t h a t the favourite models were prepubescent girls. I t must be I n the n e x t text, Olędzki writes a b o u t one o f the most cele­ added, however, that the sessions were always chaperoned by brated c u l t centres i n Poland ( n e x t Jasna G ó r a a governess (this was V i c t o r i a n England, after all!) [Częstocho­ 266 �SUMMARY OF ARTICLES Andrzej Pieńkos, "My Buildings Are Paper, Like My Writings" Residences of English Eighteenth-century Men of Letters. Reduta i teatr makes t h e reader aware o f Osterwa's distinctness i n the history o f the Polish theatre a n d theatrical T h e amateur-architect originated i n England, where d u r i n g c u l t u r e . A c t u a l l y , he r e m a i n e d i n i m i t a b l y u n i q u e despite the fact t h a t i t is possible to indicate various analogies a n d the first h a l f o f the eighteenth century there appeared realisations of the "literary house", i . e. architecture shaped as an artistic concept o f the writer. T h e house, the palace and the castle were n o longer the image of the w o r l d , a reflection and a symbol of cosmic order; they became the r e f l e c t i o n o f a private order. T h e house as the seat o f private dreams became increasingly frequently the auteur w o r k of the owner, a feat achieved just as often by ignoring norms b i n d i n g at the t i m e . T h e a u t h o r analyses the residences o f A l e x a n d e r Pope i n Twickenham, Lord Burlington in Chiswick, William Shenstone i n T h e Leasowes gardens, H o r a c e W a l p o l e i n Strawberry H i l l , a n d W i l l i a m B e c k f o r d i n F o n t h i l l A b b e y . A l l these objects c o n s t i t u t e realisations o f conceptions devised by the writers, a n d to a lesser or greater degree discarded the a r c h i t e c t u r a l n o r m s o f the p e r i o d . T h i s tendency towards architecture n o t conceived i n an a r c h i t e c t u r a l mode is p a r t i c u l a r l y v i v i d l y d i s t i n c t i v e i n F o n t h i l l A b b e y a n d Strawberry H i l l : despite the p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f architects, the buildings remained the s u b l i m a t i o n of literature. N e i t h e r the Pope residence n o r any other examples can be i n c l u d e d i n t o the history proper o f the artists' studios. Nonetheless, they r e m a i n o u t s t a n d i n g instances o f the "artist's h o m e " , and thus a place associated w i t h his oeuvre by means o f assorted bonds, creating his m i l i e u - the complex of i n s p i r a t i o n and the c o n t e x t o f reception. Zbigniew Osiński, Osterwa's Loneliness. What Is New Research about the Reduta Theatre? in Texts by Juliusz O s t e r w a , w h i c h the a u t h o r has gathered i n his book Reduta i teatr. Artykuły - Wywiady - Wspomnienia 1914-1947 (Reduta a n d the T h e a t r e . A r t i c l e s - I n t e r v i e w s Reminiscences 1914-1947, W r o c l a w 1991), were never i n t e n d e d as a t e x t b o o k addressed to actors a n d directors. N o r d o they c o n t a i n t e c h n i c a l remarks or records o f actors' t r a i n i n g . T h e presented p u b l i c a t i o n is p r i m a r i l y a register o f the traces o f Osterwa's creative p a t h , left b e h i n d by h i m i n the course o f 33 years. T h e actor, director, c o - f o u n d e r o f the Reduta T h e a t r e a n d its head, constitutes a p r o m i n e n t chapter i n the history o f the theatre and for some still remains a v i t a l i n s p i r a t i o n . U l t i m a t e l y , every a u t h e n t i c Polish theatre c o m p a n y is c o m p e l l e d to c o n f r o n t the Reduta experiences and declare its stand towards t h e m : as c i t h e r pro or con. T h e r e is simply n o t o t h e r way to act. T h i s is the reason w h y the a u t h o r considered i t i m p o r t a n t to salvage as m u c h as possible of Osterwa's statements, either w r i t t e n or made i n assorted i n t e r v i e w s . A f t e r a l l , we can never tell w h a t , a n d w h e n w i l l p r o v e valuable. C e r t a i n strongly embedded stereotypes o f a p p r o a c h i n g b o t h O s t e r w a and the Reduta T h e a t r e i n c l u d e the o f t repeated, even up to this very day, o p i n i o n t h a t the most i n t e r e s t i n g a n d i m p o r t a n t was the First Warsaw Reduta f r o m 1919-1925. W h y c a n n o t the same be said a b o u t t h e W i l n o R e d u t a ( 1 9 2 5 1929/1931), the Warsaw Reduta I n s t i t u t e (1931-1939) or projects o f the " D a l " a n d "Geneza" theatrical fraternities d a t i n g f r o m the occupation? A n o t h e r such stereotype is the c o n v i c t i o n t h a t the Reduta staged exclusively a Polish especially inspirations i n the closer and m o r e distant past. A l m o s t all the questions posed i n Reduta i teatr appear to be still very m u c h topical, even i f their w o r d i n g m i g h t seem slightly anachronic. T h e most significant ones are: 1 . w h a t is the nature of the creative theatrical company? 2. w h a t does " t h e ethos o f a c o m p a n y " denote? 3. w h a t is the role played by the headAeader of the company? 4- w h a t is the essence of cooperation between the director and the actor? 5. w h a t about the nature of actor's w o r k d e v o t e d to his role? 6. w h a t is the present-day m e a n i n g of "social engagement" i n art, i n other words, the theatre conceived a n d practised as a service? T h e title o f this article i n t e n t i o n a l l y refers to V s e v o l o d M e y e r h o l d ' s article f r o m 1921: Odinochiestvo Stanislavskogo ( T h e Loneliness of Stanislavski), at the t i m e n o t translated i n t o P o l i s h . S u c h a r e f e r e n c e conceals a p r o f o u n d c o n v i c t i o n t h a t against the b a c k d r o p o f the Polish theatre and artistic c u l t u r e of the p e r i o d the endeavours pursued by O s t e r w a and the Reduta T h e a t r e were a n isolated, a l t h o u g h by n o means f u t i l e , effort. Michał Łuczewski, How Belorussian Flower Tackled America A n essay o n the social reflections o f M e l c h i o r Wańkowicz, r e c o n s t r u c t e d p r i m a r i l y u p o n the basis o f a series of reporta­ ges f r o m A m e r i c a : W ślady Kolumba ( T r a c i n g the Steps o f C o l u m b u s ) , composed of: Atlantyk-Pacyfik ( 1 9 6 6 ) , Królik i oceany (Rabbit a n d Oceans, 1968), a n d W pępku Ameryki ( I n t h e N a v e l o f A m e r i c a , 1969). N a t u r a l l y , W a ń k o wicz's w o r l d o u t l o o k is far f r o m u n i f o r m a n d does n o t yield a d e d u c t i v e system. Its f u n d a m e n t a l elements i n c l u d e a de­ s c r i p t i o n o f (a) technocracy, whose best developed f o r m is to be f o u n d i n the U n i t e d States; (b) the c o n f l i c t b e t w e e n technocracy a n d organic c u l t u r e , „civilisation„ a n d „culture„; (c) the ways a n d means o f t r a n s f o r m i n g organic c u l t u r e i n t o its t e c h n o c r a t i c c o u n t e r p a r t ; (d) the positive and nega­ tive aspects o f technocracy a n d organic c u l t u r e ; (e) the c o n f l i c t b e t w e e n values venerated i n technocracy; (f) the obstacles e n c o u n t e r e d by technocracy ( b o t h inscribed i n its d e v e l o p m e n t a n d e x t e r n a l barriers); (g) the strategy used by organic c u l t u r e for the sake o f its p r o t e c t i o n ; (h) strategies applied by technocracy i n a b a t t l e waged against its deficit o f values. Wańkowicz sought refuge against soulless t e c h n o ­ cracy i n Poland, b u t c o n t e m p o r a r y generations are bereft o f such as h a v e n . Anna Spiss, O n the Usefulness of "Rubbish" T h e article considers the original o u t f i t t i n g o f a flat and staircase i n an o l d t o w n house i n the Kazimierz district of Cracow. T h e author and executor is one of the residents, Stefan L., a house painter and stove fitter by profession. T h e interiors, and especially the staircase, were embellished by resorting to various gadgets, gaily coloured packaging and food and industrial containers, old calendars, reproductions o f pictures, etc. T h e ensuing composition yielded particular sequences o n g i v e n themes, e.g. p o l i t i c s , sports, or m o n u m e n t s . Together w i t h his wife, the a u t h o r arranged next to the house a garden (to be seen today) i n t e n d e d for c h i l d r e n , repertoire, w h i l e Osinski's b o o k shows t h a t one o f the c o n s t a n t features o f the c o m p a n y headed by O s t e r w a a n d Mieczysław L i m a n o w s k i was its readiness a n d openness to accept changes, a n d the fact t h a t i t f o u n d itself i n a p e r e n n i a l statu nascendi, as e v i d e n c e d by three successive Reduta Statutes. 267 and maintained i n a similar style. A f t e r the death of Stefan L., the interior decoration was n o t l i q u i d a t e d . True, his artistic proposals have n o t been emulated, b u t they c o n t i n u e to enjoy the approval of the occupants of the house as well as passcrsby and tourists. �Рок/ca Sztuka Ludowa KONTEKSTY C U L T U R A L A N T H R O P O L O G Y • ETHNOGRAPHY • A R T 2002, V o l . L V I N o 1-2 (256-257). I n d e x 369403. I S S N 1230-6142. Price 24 zł I N S T I T U T E O F A R T P O L I S H A C A D E M Y O F SCIENCES, C U L T U R E F U N D A T I O N Contents 1-2/2002 ZBIGNIEW BENEDYKTOWICZ Time i n Ethnography 2 Biography and Art KRYSTYNA B A R T O L G I O V A N N I CERRI ALEKSANDRA MELBECHOWSKA-LUTY Read, Read H o m e r . . . 5 Odysseus - A H e r o W h o Tells H i s O w n Story 6 Cywilizacja - Trans-Atlantyk. T h e O c e a n , Ships a n d H a v e n s o f N o r w i d and Gombrowicz LECH SOKÓŁ, EDGAR * * * T w o EAGLES A G N E T A PLEIJEL A N N A MALANOWSKA T O M A S Z GRYGIEL TERESA GRZYBKOWSKA 17 D u k e o f N e v e r m o r e a n d B u n g o . Bronisław M a l i n o w s k i as a C h a r a c t e r i n t h e O e u v r e o f Stanisław Ignacy W i t k i e w i c z 29 A n I n t e r v i e w H e l d by K a t a r z y n a S u c h c i c k ą w i t h A g n e t a Pleijel 37 Lord Nevermore 41 T h e T h e a t r i c a l i s a t i o n o f t h e F u n e r a l o f S. 1. W i t k i e w i c z 53 A V i c t o r y o f A r t over T i m e ? F r o m t h e C u r r e n t Premises o f Schopenhauerian T h o u g h t 69 T h e Lady f r o m E l c h e 73 Ethnology Today BARBARA CZARNIAWSKA JERZY S. WASILEWSKI A N e e d For S y m m e t r i c a l E t h n o l o g y i n M a n a g e m e n t Studies 79 T h e Travelling Ethnologist. Confucius i n Front of a Camera, the Female S h a m a n w i t h a M i c r o p h o n e 87 Urban Anthropology T O M A S Z W I T SZERSZEŃ " I n t h e Shade o f t h e Skyscraper" - a n A t t e m p t at a n A n t h r o p o l o g i c a l V i e w o f N e w A r c h i t e c t u r e i n Warsaw PETER M A R T Y N 94 A British Troy i n T h e Heartland? ( O n T h e Flourishing, D i s s o l u t i o n and U l t i m a t e O b l i v i o n o f A n U r b a n C i v i l i s a t i o n ) 104 Licheń and Contemporary Religious Sensitivity E W A KLEKOT H o l y Pictures, L i c h e ń a n d t h e J u d g m e n t o f Taste 117 GRZEGORZ SOKÓŁ T h e M a d o n n a o f C z ę s t o c h o w a as t h e Polish N a t i o n a l S y m b o l 120 AGNIESZKA K U L A T h e L i c h e ń G o l g o t h a as a n E x a m p l e o f the R i v a l r y o f t h e A N T O N I N A BEREZA M A G D A L E N A JAGIEŁŁO T r a d i t i o n a n d P o p u l a r i t y o f t h e W a y o f t h e Cross Service 126 T h e F u n c t i o n i n g o f a Contemporary D e v o t i o n a l Picture 135 F r o m Holiness t o t h e M u n d a n e - or o n t h e P r o f a n i t y o f t h e D e v o t i o n a l Image d u r i n g t h e D e c l i n e o f t h e A u d i o v i s u a l E p o c h IZABELLA DZIENISIEWICZ 141 T h e Image o f Lichen i n t h e M e d i a a n d i n t h e Eyes o f t h e Pilgrims 149 J A C E K OLĘDZKI M e x i c o . C o n t e m p o r a r y M i r a c l e Consciousness 159 J A C E K OLĘDZKI T h e M a r i a n S a n c t u a r y i n Bardo Śląskie 164 Miraculous and Ordinary Water 172 KAROLINA SIEMION Biography and Ethnology: Victor Turner M A T H I E U DEFLEM M A Ł G O R Z A T A BARANOWSKA JAN GONDOWICZ R i t u a l , A n t i - S t r u c t u r e a n d R e l i g i o n : a Discussion o f V i c t o r T u r n e r Processual Symbolic A n a l y s i s 188 T h e Postcard 200 T h e Passions o f Pastor D o g d s o n 207 268 �I ANDRZEJ PIEŃKOS " M y B u i l d i n g s A r e Paper, L i k e M y W r i t i n g s " Residences o f E n g l i s h E i g h t e e n t h - C e n t u r y M e n o f Letters. ZBIGNIEW OSIŃSKI 209 Osterwa's Loneliness. W h a t Is N e w i n Research a b o u t t h e Reduta Theatre? M I C H A Ł LUCZEWSKI A N N A SPISS 219 H o w t h e Belorussian F l o w e r T a c k l e d A m e r i c a 229 O n t h e Usefulness o f " R u b b i s h " 237 Reviews TERESA G R Z Y B K O W S K A JACEK O L Ę D Z K I ALEKSANDER JACKOWSKI JACEK OLĘDZKI N o r w i d Recognised A n e w 240 A n O l d W o m a n i n a Cemetery 242 T h e Others 249 D r a w n w i t h a Single S t r o k e , or W h y D o Sparrows Bathe i n t h e Sand i n A p r i l ? SŁAWOMIR SlKORA 252 E t h n o g r a p h y as a W a y o f Life, o r M e e t i n g s w i t h V i l l a g e Musicians 257 N o t e s o n the A u t o h o r 260 Summary o f Articles 262 Errata Ważniejsze błędy dostrzeżone w numerze 1-4/2001 „ K o n t e k s t ó w " Major mistakes perceived in this volume of K o n t e k s t y N a s. 65 opublikowaliśmy p l a k a t Metamorfozy (esej teatralny) Włodzimierza Staniewskiego a u t o r s t w a Krzysztofa M . Bednarskiego. A u t o r s t w o p l a k a t u m y l n i e przypisaliśmy i n n e j osobie. WŁADZA SII.A Kożmińczyk Łado, 'Quia (1-110 Jasza (Kija?) 1-412) Statutu provincialia BYTOWAME ZASWIAI V Nija Lado. ITija Heli ITija Jasza (= Kija?) (Leli) ( - Nija?) (-1420) Set mones Cunradi Lado, Heli (1423) Jasza (Leli) Powieść rzeczy is W/ Lada Boda Jesza Lada ! Ya у a llija" Ńija?) Leli (1538) Długosz Dzidzilelia Nija (Dzidzilela), (1455 14X0) Dziewaua, M a ­ rzann, Pogoda, Żywic Miechowita Jesza Dzidzililia, (1521) Nija Dz.iewiana. Marzann. Pogoda; Łada. Leli i Po­ leli Lada, Jesza Kija, Dzidzilela; Jesza/ L a d a , 1 cli Boda i Poleli; Dziewanna/ Lada Hipotetyczna systematyka funkcyjna bóstw prapolskich 269 Nija �W a r t y k u l e Leszka Kolankiewicza Widowiska polskie a religia Dionizosa pominięta została zamieszczona poniżej tabela: Pomyłki wkradły się również d o podpisów p o d ilustracje w a r t y k u l e Andrzeja Pieńkosa Wulkaniczne spektakle natury w sztuce nowoczesnej: Podpis d o górnej i l u s t r a c j i ze strony 519 (J. C h . D a h l , Wezuwiusz widziany z brzegów C a p r i , 1822) p o w i n i e n się znaleźć p o d i l . n a stronie 539, zaś podpis p o d i l . na s. 539 ( L . Robert, Z a t o k a Neapolitańska, 1821) odnosi się d o górnego obrazu n a s. 5 1 9 . W podpisie d o d o l n e j i l . n a s. 519 niepotrzebnie powtórzona została data, w i n i e n o n brzmieć: J. P h . H a c k e r t , Wezuwiusz w r o k u 1774, Kassel N a s. 5 4 0 między ilustrację a podpis „wkradły s i ę " niepotrzebnie d w a wersy t e k s t u artykułu. W a r t y k u l e Jacka Jana Pawlika S V D , Lalka w obrzędach pogrzebowych z a m i e n i o n a została k o l e j n o ś ć i l u s t r a c j i : i l . ze s. 545 p o w i n n a być n a s. 5 4 9 i l . ze s. 5 4 6 p o w i n n a być n a s. 545 i l . ze s. 547 p o w i n n a być n a s. 5 4 8 i l . ze s. 5 4 8 p o w i n n a być n a s. 547 i l . ze s. 5 4 9 p o w i n n a być na s. 5 4 6 (podpisy p o d ilustracje pozostają n a s w y c h d a w n y c h miejscach). W n o t a c h a u t o r s k i c h (s. 554) przekręcony został tytuł jednej z p u b l i k a c j i Pani Profesor Krystyny Bartol: właściwy tytuł b r z m i Jamb i elegie. I n the Author's Notes (p. 554) has been printed incorrectly the title of the publications of Professor Krystyna Bartol. The correct title is: Jamb i elegie. W angielskiej wersji spisu treści (s. 570) k i l k u a u t o r o m błędnie zostały przypisane tytuły referatów (na s k u t e k przesunięcia k o l u m n y z n a z w i s k a m i względem k o l u m n y tytułów). Prawidłowa atrybucja poniżej: I n the English-language version of contents (p. 570) the titles of some articles were wrongly attributed to the Authors. These should read as follow: Warren D . Anderson The Ethical and Spiritual Aspects of A n c i e n t Greek Music Leszek K o l a n k i e w i c z Polish Spectacles and the Religion of Dionysus Krzysztof R u t k o w s k i Poetry and Rite. The Word and Tradition according to Mickiewicz Zbigniew Taranienko The Golden Ass of „Gardzienice"! the Uncovering of the Pace of Greece Za te i i n n e pomyłki A u t o r ó w i Czytelników pragnęlibyśmy serdecznie przeprosić. We would like to apologise to the Authors and the Readers for all these and any other mistakes. 270 �